{"cited_by_count":35581,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the legal aspects of international trade and shipping, covering topics such as letters of credit, Incoterms, CMR Convention, maritime law, trade fraud, documentary credits, shipping regulations, international carriage, trade contracts, and supply chain management.","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","domain_id":"2","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T14180","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade_law"},"field_id":"14","id":"T14180","keywords":[{"display_name":"maritime law","id":"maritime-law","score":0.3882,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-law"},{"display_name":"carriage of goods by sea","id":"carriage-of-goods-by-sea","score":0.585,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carriage-of-goods-by-sea"},{"display_name":"carrier liability","id":"carrier-liability","score":0.7301,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-liability"},{"display_name":"shipping law","id":"shipping-law","score":0.7508,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shipping-law"},{"display_name":"bills of lading","id":"bill-of-lading","score":0.8059,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bill-of-lading"},{"display_name":"letters of credit","id":"letter-of-credit","score":0.6996,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/letter-of-credit"},{"display_name":"marine insurance","id":"marine-insurance","score":0.481,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-insurance"},{"display_name":"shipowner liability","id":"shipowner-liability","score":0.6406,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shipowner-liability"},{"display_name":"trade finance","id":"trade-finance","score":0.3538,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-finance"},{"display_name":"carriage of goods","id":"carriage-of-goods","score":0.7072,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carriage-of-goods"},{"display_name":"transport law","id":"transport-law","score":0.3366,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-law"},{"display_name":"contract of carriage","id":"contract-of-carriage","score":0.6808,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-of-carriage"},{"display_name":"ship chartering","id":"ship-chartering","score":0.6094,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-chartering"},{"display_name":"international maritime law","id":"international-maritime-law","score":0.259,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-maritime-law"},{"display_name":"international carriage of goods","id":"international-carriage-of-goods","score":0.7534,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-carriage-of-goods"},{"display_name":"international commercial law","id":"international-commercial-law","score":0.236,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-commercial-law"},{"display_name":"charterparty","id":"charterparty","score":0.8535,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charterparty"},{"display_name":"Hague Rules","id":"hague-rules","score":0.9258,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hague-rules"},{"display_name":"limitation of liability","id":"limitation-of-liability","score":0.2976,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limitation-of-liability"},{"display_name":"Incoterms","id":"incoterms","score":0.7101,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incoterms"},{"display_name":"shipowners","id":"shipowners","score":0.248,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shipowners"},{"display_name":"shipping regulation","id":"shipping-regulation","score":0.3247,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shipping-regulation"},{"display_name":"ship registration","id":"ship-registration","score":0.4367,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-registration"},{"display_name":"Rotterdam Rules","id":"rotterdam-rules","score":0.969,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotterdam-rules"},{"display_name":"carriage of goods by road","id":"carriage-of-goods-by-road","score":0.804,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carriage-of-goods-by-road"}],"legacy_keywords":["Letters of Credit","Incoterms","CMR Convention","Maritime Law","Trade Fraud","Documentary Credits","Shipping Regulations","International Carriage","Trade Contracts","Supply Chain Management"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:21","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1402","url":"/topics/T14180","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T14180","works_count":96294,"label":"Law, logistics, and international trade","provider":"openalex","revision":"bda9d3413e542835","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Law, logistics, and international trade","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38294392481802864","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[2,14,1402,14180],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}