{"cited_by_count":176577,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on map projections, geodesy algorithms, and their applications in cartography and spatial analysis. It covers topics such as georeferencing, equal-area projections, celestial navigation, historical maps, spatial distortion, coordinate transformation, and spherical geometry.","display_name":"Historical Geography and Cartography","domain_id":"2","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T13854","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection"},"field_id":"33","id":"T13854","keywords":[{"display_name":"historical cartography","id":"historical-cartography","score":0.6807,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-cartography"},{"display_name":"topographic map","id":"topographic-map","score":0.7288,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topographic-map"},{"display_name":"topography","id":"topography","score":0.2992,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topography"},{"display_name":"historical maps","id":"historical-maps","score":0.6322,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-maps"},{"display_name":"streets","id":"streets","score":0.4507,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streets"},{"display_name":"cartography","id":"cartography","score":0.4463,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography"},{"display_name":"buildings","id":"buildings","score":0.3683,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buildings"},{"display_name":"roads","id":"roads","score":0.4051,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roads"},{"display_name":"nautical charts","id":"nautical-charts","score":0.7551,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nautical-charts"},{"display_name":"urban land use","id":"urban-land-use","score":0.4547,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-land-use"},{"display_name":"Ryhiner map collection","id":"ryhiner-map-collection","score":0.9398,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ryhiner-map-collection"},{"display_name":"relief","id":"relief","score":0.635,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relief"},{"display_name":"fire insurance maps","id":"fire-insurance-maps","score":0.9496,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-insurance-maps"},{"display_name":"city plan","id":"town-plan","score":0.6432,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/town-plan"},{"display_name":"land surveying","id":"land-surveying","score":0.36,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-surveying"},{"display_name":"history of cartography","id":"history-of-cartography","score":0.6807,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-cartography"},{"display_name":"landforms","id":"landforms","score":0.3456,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landforms"},{"display_name":"urban layout","id":"urban-layout","score":0.5151,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-layout"},{"display_name":"administrative boundaries","id":"administrative-boundaries","score":0.3795,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-boundaries"},{"display_name":"land surveys","id":"land-surveys","score":0.5943,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-surveys"},{"display_name":"maps","id":"maps","score":0.2508,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maps"},{"display_name":"census geography","id":"census-geography","score":0.7353,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census-geography"},{"display_name":"census blocks","id":"census-blocks","score":0.8295,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census-blocks"},{"display_name":"world map","id":"world-map","score":0.7058,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-map"},{"display_name":"hydrography","id":"hydrography","score":0.2844,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrography"}],"legacy_keywords":["Map Projections","Geodesy","Cartography","Georeferencing","Equal-Area Projections","Celestial Navigation","Historical Maps","Spatial Distortion","Coordinate Transformation","Spherical Geometry"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T13854","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:20","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"3305","url":"/topics/T13854","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T13854","works_count":496508,"label":"Historical Geography and Cartography","provider":"openalex","revision":"3a7cecb0c1512317","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Historical Geography and Cartography","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38364710619891862","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[2,33,3305,13854],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}