{"cited_by_count":69428,"description":"This cluster of papers explores the physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine, a dipeptide with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. It covers topics such as the effects of \u00df-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine, its role in diabetic nephropathy, exercise performance, and its potential in mitigating oxidative stress and aging-related processes.","display_name":"Biochemical effects in animals","domain_id":"4","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T13551","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosine"},"field_id":"27","id":"T13551","keywords":[{"display_name":"carnosine","id":"carnosine","score":0.4996,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnosine"},{"display_name":"anserine","id":"anserine","score":0.469,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anserine"},{"display_name":"beta-alanine supplementation","id":"beta-alanine-supplementation","score":0.8678,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-alanine-supplementation"},{"display_name":"homocarnosine","id":"homocarnosine","score":0.506,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homocarnosine"},{"display_name":"L-carnosine","id":"l-carnosine","score":0.2857,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-carnosine"},{"display_name":"muscle carnosine","id":"muscle-carnosine","score":0.8975,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-carnosine"},{"display_name":"carnosinase","id":"carnosinase","score":0.6762,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnosinase"},{"display_name":"histidine-containing dipeptides","id":"histidine-containing-dipeptides","score":0.5877,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histidine-containing-dipeptides"},{"display_name":"imidazole dipeptides","id":"imidazole-dipeptides","score":0.4541,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imidazole-dipeptides"},{"display_name":"histidine dipeptides","id":"histidine-dipeptides","score":0.393,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histidine-dipeptides"},{"display_name":"balenine","id":"balenine","score":0.651,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balenine"},{"display_name":"muscle buffering capacity","id":"muscle-buffering-capacity","score":0.3694,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-buffering-capacity"},{"display_name":"hydrogen ion buffering","id":"hydrogen-ion-buffering","score":0.2823,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-ion-buffering"},{"display_name":"N-acetylcarnosine","id":"n-acetylcarnosine","score":0.2923,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylcarnosine"},{"display_name":"CNDP1","id":"cndp1","score":0.2217,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cndp1"},{"display_name":"carcinine","id":"carcinine","score":0.2335,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinine"}],"legacy_keywords":["Carnosine","\u00df-Alanine Supplementation","Muscle Carnosine","Antioxidant","Neuroprotection","Diabetic Nephropathy","Exercise Performance","Histidine Dipeptides","Aging","Oxidative Stress"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T13551","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:18","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2737","url":"/topics/T13551","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T13551","works_count":3945,"label":"Biochemical effects in animals","provider":"openalex","revision":"8c9f6a6d3a4cb2a3","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Biochemical effects in animals","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38360039916218798","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[4,27,2737,13551],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}