{"cited_by_count":189083,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the ocular toxicity and retinal disorders associated with medications such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tamoxifen, and ethambutol. It covers topics such as retinopathy, maculopathy, optic neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy induced by these drugs. The papers also discuss screening guidelines, imaging techniques like multifocal electroretinography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the implications for rheumatology care.","display_name":"Drug-Induced Ocular Toxicity","domain_id":"4","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T13467","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine_retinopathy"},"field_id":"27","id":"T13467","keywords":[{"display_name":"ocular toxicity","id":"ocular-toxicity","score":0.3372,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-toxicity"},{"display_name":"retinal toxicity","id":"retinal-toxicity","score":0.4932,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-toxicity"},{"display_name":"ocular adverse effects","id":"ocular-side-effects","score":0.436,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-side-effects"},{"display_name":"drug-induced optic neuropathy","id":"drug-induced-optic-neuropathy","score":0.8591,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-optic-neuropathy"},{"display_name":"drug-induced ocular toxicity","id":"drug-induced-ocular-toxicity","score":0.6653,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-ocular-toxicity"},{"display_name":"drug-induced retinal toxicity","id":"drug-induced-retinal-toxicity","score":0.8627,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-retinal-toxicity"},{"display_name":"chloroquine retinopathy","id":"chloroquine-retinopathy","score":0.9063,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroquine-retinopathy"},{"display_name":"corneal toxicity","id":"corneal-toxicity","score":0.3013,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-toxicity"},{"display_name":"hydroxychloroquine retinopathy","id":"hydroxychloroquine-retinopathy","score":0.9068,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxychloroquine-retinopathy"},{"display_name":"drug-induced cataract","id":"drug-induced-cataract","score":0.6889,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-cataract"},{"display_name":"drug-induced retinal damage","id":"drug-induced-retinal-damage","score":0.8637,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-retinal-damage"},{"display_name":"toxic optic neuropathy","id":"toxic-optic-neuropathy","score":0.5422,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-optic-neuropathy"},{"display_name":"drug-induced eye disease","id":"drug-induced-eye-disease","score":0.8005,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-eye-disease"},{"display_name":"drug-induced eye injury","id":"drug-induced-eye-injury","score":0.8624,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-eye-injury"},{"display_name":"drug-induced glaucoma","id":"drug-induced-glaucoma","score":0.3581,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-glaucoma"},{"display_name":"drug-induced maculopathy","id":"drug-induced-maculopathy","score":0.8681,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-maculopathy"},{"display_name":"drug-induced corneal toxicity","id":"drug-induced-corneal-toxicity","score":0.7601,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-corneal-toxicity"},{"display_name":"chloroquine toxicity","id":"chloroquine-toxicity","score":0.4034,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroquine-toxicity"},{"display_name":"ocular adverse drug reactions","id":"ocular-adverse-drug-reactions","score":0.6784,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-adverse-drug-reactions"},{"display_name":"drug-induced ocular side effects","id":"drug-induced-ocular-side-effects","score":0.7397,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-ocular-side-effects"},{"display_name":"drug-induced uveitis","id":"drug-induced-uveitis","score":0.2313,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-uveitis"},{"display_name":"drug-induced vision loss","id":"drug-induced-vision-loss","score":0.7719,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-vision-loss"},{"display_name":"drug-induced myopia","id":"drug-induced-myopia","score":0.8585,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-myopia"},{"display_name":"bull's eye maculopathy","id":"bull-s-eye-maculopathy","score":0.3908,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bull-s-eye-maculopathy"},{"display_name":"ocular drug safety","id":"ophthalmic-drug-safety","score":0.2418,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmic-drug-safety"}],"legacy_keywords":["Retinopathy","Chloroquine","Hydroxychloroquine","Ocular Toxicity","Drug-induced","Optic Neuropathy","Maculopathy","Screening Guidelines","Multifocal Electroretinography","OCT Imaging"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T13467","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:18","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2731","url":"/topics/T13467","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T13467","works_count":20810,"label":"Drug-Induced Ocular Toxicity","provider":"openalex","revision":"051cfc2162bad9e7","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Drug-Induced Ocular Toxicity","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38360039773889006","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[4,27,2731,13467],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}