{"cited_by_count":398099,"description":"This cluster of papers explores the geochemistry and petrology of various gemstones, including the use of Raman spectroscopy, identification of nanoinclusions, behavior of water molecules, and the formation processes of opals, beryl, sapphires, and jade.","display_name":"Mineralogy and Gemology Studies","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T13443","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone"},"field_id":"19","id":"T13443","keywords":[{"display_name":"mineral specimen","id":"mineral-specimen","score":0.9209,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-specimen"},{"display_name":"quartz","id":"quartz","score":0.4155,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quartz"},{"display_name":"borate minerals","id":"borate-minerals","score":0.9213,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borate-minerals"},{"display_name":"mineralogy","id":"mineralogy","score":0.249,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy"},{"display_name":"calcite","id":"calcite","score":0.3222,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcite"},{"display_name":"zeolite minerals","id":"zeolite-minerals","score":0.8802,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zeolite-minerals"},{"display_name":"gemstones","id":"gemstones","score":0.4423,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemstones"},{"display_name":"phosphate minerals","id":"phosphate-minerals","score":0.741,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate-minerals"},{"display_name":"feldspar","id":"feldspar","score":0.4068,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feldspar"},{"display_name":"garnet","id":"garnet","score":0.347,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garnet"},{"display_name":"carbonate minerals","id":"carbonate-minerals","score":0.6015,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonate-minerals"},{"display_name":"minerals","id":"minerals","score":0.2397,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minerals"},{"display_name":"pyrite","id":"pyrite","score":0.2035,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrite"},{"display_name":"ore rock","id":"ore","score":0.2686,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ore"},{"display_name":"fluorite","id":"fluorite","score":0.476,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorite"},{"display_name":"amphibole","id":"amphibole","score":0.4331,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amphibole"},{"display_name":"sulfosalt minerals","id":"sulfosalt-minerals","score":0.793,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfosalt-minerals"},{"display_name":"galena","id":"galena","score":0.3911,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galena"},{"display_name":"beryl","id":"beryl","score":0.7802,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beryl"},{"display_name":"mineral identification","id":"mineral-identification","score":0.4489,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-identification"},{"display_name":"sphalerite","id":"sphalerite","score":0.3325,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sphalerite"},{"display_name":"sulfide minerals","id":"sulfide-minerals","score":0.3957,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfide-minerals"},{"display_name":"lead molybdate","id":"lead-molybdate","score":0.7996,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-molybdate"},{"display_name":"new mineral species","id":"new-mineral","score":0.6752,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-mineral"},{"display_name":"mica","id":"mica","score":0.2221,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mica"}],"legacy_keywords":["Gemstones","Geochemistry","Petrology","Raman Spectroscopy","Nanoinclusions","Water Molecules","Opals","Beryl","Sapphires","Jade"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T13443","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:18","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1906","url":"/topics/T13443","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T13443","works_count":373195,"label":"Mineralogy and Gemology Studies","provider":"openalex","revision":"37fd8f66f1887ef8","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Mineralogy and Gemology Studies","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38294085249138939","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,19,1906,13443],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}