{"cited_by_count":216594,"description":"This cluster of papers explores the concept of trained immunity, focusing on the innate immune system's ability to develop memory and provide nonspecific protection against various infections. The research covers topics such as BCG vaccination, epigenetic reprogramming, immunometabolism, and the potential implications for health and disease.","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","domain_id":"1","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T13410","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trained_immunity"},"field_id":"24","id":"T13410","keywords":[{"display_name":"trained immunity","id":"trained-immunity","score":0.5677,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trained-immunity"},{"display_name":"non-specific vaccine effects","id":"non-specific-vaccine-effects","score":0.6576,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-specific-vaccine-effects"},{"display_name":"vaccinology","id":"vaccinology","score":0.2284,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccinology"},{"display_name":"systems vaccinology","id":"systems-vaccinology","score":0.2612,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-vaccinology"},{"display_name":"vaccine repurposing","id":"vaccine-repurposing","score":0.2731,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-repurposing"},{"display_name":"future of vaccination","id":"future-of-vaccination","score":0.2692,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-of-vaccination"},{"display_name":"vaccination in older adults","id":"vaccination-in-older-adults","score":0.2432,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination-in-older-adults"}],"legacy_keywords":["Trained Immunity","Innate Memory","BCG Vaccination","Epigenetic Reprogramming","Immunometabolism","Non-specific Effects","Infectious Diseases","Immune Memory","Vaccine Effects","Innate Immune Training"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:18","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2403","url":"/topics/T13410","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T13410","works_count":12803,"label":"Immune responses and vaccinations","provider":"openalex","revision":"ac5133719999faca","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Immune responses and vaccinations","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38359779063767237","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[1,24,2403,13410],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}