{"cited_by_count":352972,"description":"This cluster of papers explores the genetic adaptation of lactase persistence in humans, focusing on the role of CDX2 expression, intestinal differentiation, and its implications for milk consumption, lactose intolerance, evolutionary genetics, and associated health conditions such as colon cancer, gastric metaplasia, and bone health.","display_name":"Digestive system and related health","domain_id":"1","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T13199","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactase_persistence"},"field_id":"13","id":"T13199","keywords":[{"display_name":"lactose intolerance","id":"lactose-intolerance","score":0.3537,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactose-intolerance"},{"display_name":"lactase deficiency","id":"lactase-deficiency","score":0.668,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactase-deficiency"},{"display_name":"lactase","id":"lactase","score":0.3457,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactase"},{"display_name":"lactose malabsorption","id":"lactose-malabsorption","score":0.6697,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactose-malabsorption"},{"display_name":"lactase persistence","id":"lactase-persistence","score":0.6278,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactase-persistence"},{"display_name":"sucrase","id":"sucrase","score":0.2459,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sucrase"},{"display_name":"brush border enzymes","id":"brush-border-enzymes","score":0.2776,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brush-border-enzymes"},{"display_name":"hydrogen breath test","id":"hydrogen-breath-test","score":0.3045,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-breath-test"},{"display_name":"carbohydrate malabsorption","id":"carbohydrate-malabsorption","score":0.3495,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-malabsorption"},{"display_name":"maltase","id":"maltase","score":0.2105,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maltase"},{"display_name":"lactose digestion","id":"lactose-digestion","score":0.6127,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactose-digestion"},{"display_name":"sucrase-isomaltase","id":"sucrase-isomaltase","score":0.4544,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sucrase-isomaltase"},{"display_name":"sucrase-isomaltase deficiency","id":"congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency","score":0.7496,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"},{"display_name":"disaccharidase deficiency","id":"disaccharidase-deficiency","score":0.5946,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaccharidase-deficiency"},{"display_name":"lactose tolerance test","id":"lactose-tolerance-test","score":0.7944,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactose-tolerance-test"},{"display_name":"lactase activity","id":"lactase-activity","score":0.4535,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactase-activity"},{"display_name":"disaccharidases","id":"disaccharidases","score":0.3873,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaccharidases"},{"display_name":"disaccharidase activity","id":"disaccharidase-activity","score":0.309,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaccharidase-activity"},{"display_name":"LCT gene","id":"lct-gene","score":0.6242,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lct-gene"},{"display_name":"lactase non-persistence","id":"lactase-non-persistence","score":0.8261,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactase-non-persistence"},{"display_name":"sucrase deficiency","id":"sucrase-deficiency","score":0.7653,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sucrase-deficiency"},{"display_name":"isomaltase","id":"isomaltase","score":0.4589,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomaltase"},{"display_name":"lactose tolerance","id":"lactose-tolerance","score":0.4854,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactose-tolerance"},{"display_name":"lactase gene","id":"lactase-gene","score":0.7137,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactase-gene"},{"display_name":"lactose-free diet","id":"lactose-free-diet","score":0.3118,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactose-free-diet"}],"legacy_keywords":["Lactase Persistence","Genetic Adaptation","Intestinal Differentiation","CDX2 Expression","Lactose Intolerance","Evolutionary Genetics","Milk Consumption","Colon Cancer","Gastric Metaplasia","Bone Health"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T13199","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:17","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1311","url":"/topics/T13199","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T13199","works_count":22921,"label":"Digestive system and related health","provider":"openalex","revision":"0d3de2fca1d151dd","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Digestive system and related health","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38285598322388687","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[1,13,1311,13199],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; 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