{"cited_by_count":199767,"description":"This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics related to the history of computing and information technology, including the development of the internet, evolution of software and artificial intelligence, impact on industries, societal changes, and the role of key individuals and organizations. It explores the historical, social, and technological aspects of computing from its early origins to contemporary advancements.","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12797","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing"},"field_id":"17","id":"T12797","keywords":[{"display_name":"history of computing","id":"history-of-computing","score":0.599,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-computing"},{"display_name":"internet history","id":"history-of-the-internet","score":0.3743,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-the-internet"},{"display_name":"history of computer science","id":"history-of-computer-science","score":0.5906,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-computer-science"},{"display_name":"Alan Turing","id":"alan-turing","score":0.2597,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alan-turing"},{"display_name":"early computers","id":"early-computers","score":0.808,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-computers"},{"display_name":"history of information technology","id":"history-of-information-technology","score":0.4026,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-information-technology"},{"display_name":"Charles Babbage","id":"charles-babbage","score":0.4196,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-babbage"},{"display_name":"ARPANET","id":"arpanet","score":0.4386,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arpanet"},{"display_name":"calculating machines","id":"calculating-machines","score":0.5273,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculating-machines"},{"display_name":"punched cards","id":"punched-cards","score":0.2967,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punched-cards"},{"display_name":"electronic computers","id":"electronic-computers","score":0.304,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-computers"},{"display_name":"mainframe computers","id":"mainframe-computers","score":0.2458,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainframe-computers"},{"display_name":"future of computing","id":"future-of-computing","score":0.2111,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-of-computing"},{"display_name":"typewriters","id":"typewriters","score":0.2149,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typewriters"},{"display_name":"mechanical calculators","id":"mechanical-calculators","score":0.6026,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-calculators"},{"display_name":"Apple computers","id":"apple-computers","score":0.4181,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple-computers"},{"display_name":"personal computing","id":"personal-computing","score":0.2422,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-computing"},{"display_name":"history of programming languages","id":"history-of-programming-languages","score":0.3385,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-programming-languages"},{"display_name":"ENIAC","id":"eniac","score":0.669,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eniac"},{"display_name":"mechanical computation","id":"mechanical-computing","score":0.3842,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-computing"},{"display_name":"university computing","id":"university-computing","score":0.2478,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-computing"},{"display_name":"analytical engine","id":"analytical-engine","score":0.6952,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-engine"},{"display_name":"computer design","id":"computer-design","score":0.2395,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-design"},{"display_name":"university computing center","id":"university-computing-center","score":0.274,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-computing-center"},{"display_name":"computer purchasing","id":"computer-purchasing","score":0.4317,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-purchasing"}],"legacy_keywords":["History","Computing","Information Technology","Internet","Digital","Innovation","Networks","Software","Artificial Intelligence","Communication"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:15","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1706","url":"/topics/T12797","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12797","works_count":72595,"label":"History of Computing Technologies","provider":"openalex","revision":"510341d8980c6da7","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"History of Computing Technologies","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38285307485538395","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,17,1706,12797],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}