{"cited_by_count":85470,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the health consequences, obstetric outcomes, reproductive health, and psychological impact of female genital mutilation (FGM) or cutting. It also explores the cultural, social, ethical, and legal aspects associated with FGM, including its impact on sexual functioning and the physical and psychological well-being of women. The cluster covers a wide range of topics related to FGM, including its prevalence, medicalization, consequences for childbirth, and efforts towards abandonment.","display_name":"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues","domain_id":"4","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12655","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation"},"field_id":"27","id":"T12655","keywords":[{"display_name":"female genital mutilation","id":"female-genital-mutilation","score":0.6838,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-genital-mutilation"},{"display_name":"labiaplasty","id":"labiaplasty","score":0.5704,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labiaplasty"},{"display_name":"infibulation","id":"infibulation","score":0.8367,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infibulation"},{"display_name":"FGM prevention","id":"fgm-prevention","score":0.9988,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgm-prevention"},{"display_name":"clitoridectomy","id":"clitoridectomy","score":0.5526,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clitoridectomy"},{"display_name":"female genital cosmetic surgery","id":"female-genital-cosmetic-surgery","score":0.8486,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-genital-cosmetic-surgery"},{"display_name":"harmful traditional practices","id":"harmful-traditional-practices","score":0.3471,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmful-traditional-practices"},{"display_name":"genital mutilation","id":"genital-mutilation","score":0.2779,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genital-mutilation"},{"display_name":"female genital surgery","id":"female-genital-surgery","score":0.3543,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-genital-surgery"},{"display_name":"labia minora reduction","id":"labia-minora-reduction","score":0.8224,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labia-minora-reduction"},{"display_name":"clitoral reconstruction","id":"clitoral-reconstruction","score":0.6414,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clitoral-reconstruction"},{"display_name":"attitudes toward FGM","id":"attitudes-toward-fgm","score":0.9843,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-toward-fgm"},{"display_name":"cosmetic genital surgery","id":"cosmetic-genital-surgery","score":0.5686,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetic-genital-surgery"},{"display_name":"FGM legislation","id":"fgm-legislation","score":0.9982,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgm-legislation"},{"display_name":"FGM survivors","id":"fgm-survivors","score":0.9818,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgm-survivors"},{"display_name":"labial hypertrophy","id":"labial-hypertrophy","score":0.4718,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labial-hypertrophy"},{"display_name":"sexual mutilation","id":"sexual-mutilation","score":0.5655,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-mutilation"},{"display_name":"FGM prevalence","id":"fgm-prevalence","score":0.9984,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgm-prevalence"},{"display_name":"hymenoplasty","id":"hymenoplasty","score":0.3106,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hymenoplasty"},{"display_name":"FGM complications","id":"fgm-complications","score":0.9996,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgm-complications"},{"display_name":"labia minora hypertrophy","id":"labia-minora-hypertrophy","score":0.665,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labia-minora-hypertrophy"},{"display_name":"prevention of female genital mutilation","id":"prevention-of-female-genital-mutilation","score":0.9715,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevention-of-female-genital-mutilation"},{"display_name":"deinfibulation","id":"deinfibulation","score":0.9422,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deinfibulation"},{"display_name":"anti-FGM campaigns","id":"anti-fgm-campaigns","score":0.9712,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-fgm-campaigns"},{"display_name":"clitoral hood","id":"clitoral-hood","score":0.3083,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clitoral-hood"}],"legacy_keywords":["Female Genital Mutilation","Obstetric Outcome","Reproductive Health","Labia Minora","Sexual Functioning","Psychological Impact","Cultural Practices","Health Complications","Social Norms","Ethical and Legal Issues"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12655","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:15","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2739","url":"/topics/T12655","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12655","works_count":13288,"label":"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues","provider":"openalex","revision":"fa558a73965329ef","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38351276035451374","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[4,27,2739,12655],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}