{"cited_by_count":123032,"description":"This cluster of papers explores the history, impact, and ethical implications of the eugenics movement, particularly during the Nazi era. It delves into topics such as genetics, race hygiene, medical ethics, sterilization, anatomy, social reform, and psychiatry. The papers provide insights into the dark legacy of eugenics and its lasting effects on society.","display_name":"Medical History and Research","domain_id":"2","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12575","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics"},"field_id":"12","id":"T12575","keywords":[{"display_name":"eugenics","id":"eugenics","score":0.4177,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics"},{"display_name":"Nazi medicine","id":"nazi-medicine","score":0.6976,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-medicine"},{"display_name":"history of eugenics","id":"history-of-eugenics","score":0.8666,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-eugenics"},{"display_name":"racial hygiene","id":"racial-hygiene","score":0.6736,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-hygiene"},{"display_name":"forced sterilization","id":"forced-sterilization","score":0.3385,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-sterilization"},{"display_name":"Nazi euthanasia","id":"nazi-euthanasia-program","score":0.6473,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-euthanasia-program"},{"display_name":"eugenics movement","id":"eugenics-movement","score":0.6854,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics-movement"},{"display_name":"Francis Galton","id":"francis-galton","score":0.2093,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/francis-galton"},{"display_name":"Nazi eugenics","id":"nazi-eugenics","score":0.6726,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-eugenics"},{"display_name":"feeble-mindedness","id":"feeblemindedness","score":0.2248,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeblemindedness"},{"display_name":"hereditarianism","id":"hereditarianism","score":0.2877,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hereditarianism"},{"display_name":"eugenics legislation","id":"eugenics-legislation","score":0.8217,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics-legislation"},{"display_name":"eugenics policy","id":"eugenic-policy","score":0.8544,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenic-policy"},{"display_name":"Nazi physicians","id":"nazi-physicians","score":0.6129,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-physicians"},{"display_name":"human heredity","id":"human-heredity","score":0.3701,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-heredity"},{"display_name":"eugenic sterilization","id":"eugenic-sterilization","score":0.703,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenic-sterilization"},{"display_name":"human breeding","id":"human-breeding","score":0.8322,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-breeding"},{"display_name":"medical atrocities","id":"medical-atrocities","score":0.7294,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-atrocities"},{"display_name":"Nazi medical experiments","id":"nazi-medical-experiments","score":0.3649,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-medical-experiments"},{"display_name":"Nazi psychiatry","id":"nazi-psychiatry","score":0.3842,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-psychiatry"},{"display_name":"sterilization law","id":"sterilization-law","score":0.3877,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sterilization-law"},{"display_name":"Nazi science","id":"nazi-science","score":0.25,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-science"},{"display_name":"killing of disabled people","id":"killing-of-disabled-people","score":0.7974,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/killing-of-disabled-people"},{"display_name":"negative eugenics","id":"negative-eugenics","score":0.6821,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-eugenics"},{"display_name":"involuntary sterilization","id":"involuntary-sterilization","score":0.2954,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/involuntary-sterilization"}],"legacy_keywords":["Eugenics","Nazi Era","Genetics","Race Hygiene","Medical Ethics","Sterilization","Anatomy","Social Reform","Psychiatry","Ethical Lessons"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:14","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1202","url":"/topics/T12575","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12575","works_count":28644,"label":"Medical History and Research","provider":"openalex","revision":"b2956477daa545f9","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Medical History and Research","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38285030317664984","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[2,12,1202,12575],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}