{"cited_by_count":120245,"description":"This cluster of papers explores the intersection of science and technology with the geopolitical and ideological dynamics of the Cold War era. It delves into topics such as international scientific cooperation, atomic energy, scientific intelligence, social sciences, and the impact of political ideologies on scientific research and knowledge production.","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","domain_id":"2","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12445","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Soviet_Union"},"field_id":"12","id":"T12445","keywords":[{"display_name":"Manhattan Project","id":"manhattan-project","score":0.5256,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manhattan-project"},{"display_name":"atomic bomb","id":"atomic-bomb","score":0.2723,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-bomb"},{"display_name":"Soviet science","id":"soviet-science","score":0.3127,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-science"},{"display_name":"Atomic Energy Commission","id":"atomic-energy-commission","score":0.2969,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-energy-commission"},{"display_name":"atomic energy","id":"atomic-energy","score":0.3233,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-energy"},{"display_name":"history of nuclear physics","id":"history-of-nuclear-physics","score":0.3161,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-nuclear-physics"},{"display_name":"nuclear weapons development","id":"nuclear-weapons-development","score":0.4008,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons-development"},{"display_name":"peaceful uses of nuclear energy","id":"peaceful-uses-of-nuclear-energy","score":0.2783,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peaceful-uses-of-nuclear-energy"},{"display_name":"history of nuclear energy","id":"history-of-nuclear-energy","score":0.4839,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-nuclear-energy"},{"display_name":"Cold War science","id":"cold-war-science","score":0.4898,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-war-science"},{"display_name":"Los Alamos","id":"los-alamos","score":0.3174,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/los-alamos"},{"display_name":"nuclear physicists","id":"nuclear-physicists","score":0.4993,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physicists"},{"display_name":"J. Robert Oppenheimer","id":"j-robert-oppenheimer","score":0.433,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/j-robert-oppenheimer"},{"display_name":"history of nuclear science","id":"history-of-nuclear-science","score":0.5817,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-nuclear-science"},{"display_name":"nuclear weapons production","id":"nuclear-weapons-production","score":0.2156,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons-production"},{"display_name":"Soviet science policy","id":"soviet-science-policy","score":0.3408,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-science-policy"},{"display_name":"nuclear research","id":"nuclear-research","score":0.2197,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-research"},{"display_name":"hydrogen bomb","id":"hydrogen-bomb","score":0.3146,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-bomb"},{"display_name":"nuclear history","id":"nuclear-history","score":0.4939,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-history"},{"display_name":"history of nuclear weapons","id":"history-of-nuclear-weapons","score":0.4281,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-nuclear-weapons"},{"display_name":"science and war","id":"science-and-war","score":0.2349,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-war"},{"display_name":"nuclear weapons research","id":"nuclear-weapons-research","score":0.3611,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons-research"},{"display_name":"Atoms for Peace","id":"atoms-for-peace","score":0.5253,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atoms-for-peace"},{"display_name":"nuclear technology transfer","id":"nuclear-technology-transfer","score":0.2117,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-technology-transfer"},{"display_name":"Lysenkoism","id":"lysenkoism","score":0.377,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysenkoism"}],"legacy_keywords":["Cold War","Science","Technology","Internationalism","Atomic Energy","Nuclear Power","Scientific Intelligence","Social Sciences","Lysenkoism","Global Regulation"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:14","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1207","url":"/topics/T12445","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12445","works_count":41295,"label":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","provider":"openalex","revision":"8861f9a2c027860f","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38284998105411164","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[2,12,1207,12445],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}