{"cited_by_count":96503,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the application of Grey System Theory in forecasting various aspects related to energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and renewable energy. The papers explore the use of time series prediction models, nonlinear grey models, and multivariable grey models to forecast electricity demand, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. Additionally, the cluster discusses the optimization and application of fractional grey models for accurate forecasting.","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","domain_id":"2","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12368","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_system_theory"},"field_id":"18","id":"T12368","keywords":[{"display_name":"GM(1,1) model","id":"gm-1-1-model","score":0.7901,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-1-1-model"},{"display_name":"grey system theory","id":"grey-system-theory","score":0.5125,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-system-theory"},{"display_name":"grey prediction model","id":"grey-forecasting-model","score":0.6643,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-forecasting-model"},{"display_name":"grey forecasting","id":"grey-prediction","score":0.6832,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-prediction"},{"display_name":"small sample prediction","id":"small-sample-forecasting","score":0.2997,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-sample-forecasting"},{"display_name":"grey system model","id":"grey-system-model","score":0.6298,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-system-model"},{"display_name":"background value optimization","id":"background-value-optimization","score":0.9459,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-value-optimization"},{"display_name":"combined forecasting model","id":"combined-forecasting-model","score":0.2241,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combined-forecasting-model"},{"display_name":"grey Markov model","id":"grey-markov-model","score":0.7312,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-markov-model"},{"display_name":"grey Verhulst model","id":"grey-verhulst-model","score":0.7681,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-verhulst-model"},{"display_name":"grey neural network","id":"grey-neural-network","score":0.5656,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-neural-network"},{"display_name":"GM(1,N) model","id":"gm-1-n-model","score":0.7613,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-1-n-model"},{"display_name":"grey incidence analysis","id":"grey-incidence-analysis","score":0.3825,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-incidence-analysis"},{"display_name":"background values","id":"background-values","score":0.2484,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-values"},{"display_name":"improved GM(1,1) model","id":"improved-gm-1-1-model","score":0.9306,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/improved-gm-1-1-model"},{"display_name":"grey differential equation","id":"grey-differential-equation","score":0.8979,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-differential-equation"},{"display_name":"grey relational grade","id":"grey-relational-grade","score":0.2731,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-relational-grade"},{"display_name":"interval grey numbers","id":"interval-grey-numbers","score":0.3654,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval-grey-numbers"},{"display_name":"discrete grey model","id":"discrete-grey-model","score":0.9256,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-grey-model"},{"display_name":"grey numbers","id":"grey-numbers","score":0.2207,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-numbers"},{"display_name":"non-equidistant data","id":"non-equidistant-data","score":0.6408,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equidistant-data"},{"display_name":"accumulated generating operation","id":"accumulated-generating-operation","score":0.8669,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accumulated-generating-operation"},{"display_name":"nonlinear grey Bernoulli model","id":"nonlinear-grey-bernoulli-model","score":0.8955,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-grey-bernoulli-model"},{"display_name":"buffer operator","id":"buffer-operator","score":0.6474,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buffer-operator"},{"display_name":"fractional order accumulation","id":"fractional-order-accumulation","score":0.9464,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-order-accumulation"}],"legacy_keywords":["Grey System Theory","Time Series Prediction","Energy Consumption Forecasting","CO2 Emissions","Renewable Energy Consumption","Electricity Demand Forecasting","Nonlinear Grey Models","Forecasting Model Optimization","Multivariable Grey Model","Fractional Grey Model"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:14","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1803","url":"/topics/T12368","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12368","works_count":19112,"label":"Grey System Theory Applications","provider":"openalex","revision":"d3bc0afbbd463ddb","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Grey System Theory Applications","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38285287071826036","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[2,18,1803,12368],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}