{"cited_by_count":465802,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the theory, practice, and development of dictionaries and lexicography, including the impact of electronic tools, bilingual dictionaries, corpus-based approaches, and the historical evolution of dictionary usage.","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","domain_id":"2","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12353","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicography"},"field_id":"12","id":"T12353","keywords":[{"display_name":"etymology","id":"etymology","score":0.6095,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etymology"},{"display_name":"word meaning","id":"word-meaning","score":0.6462,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-meaning"},{"display_name":"lexicography","id":"lexicography","score":0.5444,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicography"},{"display_name":"English lexicography","id":"english-lexicography","score":0.8859,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-lexicography"},{"display_name":"English vocabulary","id":"english-vocabulary","score":0.5924,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-vocabulary"},{"display_name":"adjectives","id":"adjectives","score":0.6328,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjectives"},{"display_name":"verb","id":"verb","score":0.7005,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verb"},{"display_name":"English adjectives","id":"english-adjectives","score":0.914,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-adjectives"},{"display_name":"bilingual dictionary","id":"bilingual-dictionary","score":0.7948,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-dictionary"},{"display_name":"English noun","id":"english-noun","score":0.9384,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-noun"},{"display_name":"adverbs","id":"adverbs","score":0.4702,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverbs"},{"display_name":"bilingual lexicography","id":"bilingual-lexicography","score":0.8695,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-lexicography"},{"display_name":"dictionary entries","id":"dictionary-entries","score":0.3787,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictionary-entries"},{"display_name":"word definitions","id":"word-definitions","score":0.5733,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-definitions"},{"display_name":"dictionaries","id":"dictionaries","score":0.405,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictionaries"},{"display_name":"history of lexicography","id":"history-of-lexicography","score":0.7952,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-lexicography"},{"display_name":"nouns","id":"nouns","score":0.3209,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nouns"},{"display_name":"Spanish lexicography","id":"spanish-lexicography","score":0.52,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-lexicography"},{"display_name":"French loanwords","id":"french-loanwords","score":0.4911,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-loanwords"},{"display_name":"English verbs","id":"english-verbs","score":0.471,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-verbs"},{"display_name":"Samuel Johnson","id":"samuel-johnson","score":0.219,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/samuel-johnson"},{"display_name":"English word","id":"english-word","score":0.7027,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-word"},{"display_name":"A Dictionary of the English Language","id":"a-dictionary-of-the-english-language","score":0.9336,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-dictionary-of-the-english-language"},{"display_name":"historical lexicography","id":"historical-lexicography","score":0.4334,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-lexicography"},{"display_name":"electronic dictionaries","id":"electronic-dictionaries","score":0.6009,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-dictionaries"}],"legacy_keywords":["Lexicography","Dictionaries","Electronic","Language","Usage","Bilingual","Corpus","Learners","Meaning","History"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:14","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1203","url":"/topics/T12353","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12353","works_count":538606,"label":"Lexicography and Language Studies","provider":"openalex","revision":"c8f16a4bc5a96ead","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Lexicography and Language Studies","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"38284996091585116","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[2,12,1203,12353],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}