{"cited_by_count":336627,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the impact of marine invasions and biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean Sea, addressing the threats posed by invasive species, global shipping, climate change, and hull fouling. It explores the implications for ecosystem functioning and emphasizes the importance of effective ballast water management.","display_name":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12213","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species_in_the_Mediterranean_Sea"},"field_id":"23","id":"T12213","keywords":[{"display_name":"ballast water","id":"ballast-water","score":0.5994,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water"},{"display_name":"marine invasive species","id":"marine-invasive-species","score":0.7556,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-invasive-species"},{"display_name":"ballast water management","id":"ballast-water-management","score":0.7145,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water-management"},{"display_name":"Pterois volitans","id":"pterois-volitans","score":0.7123,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pterois-volitans"},{"display_name":"ballast water discharge","id":"ballast-water-discharge","score":0.698,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water-discharge"},{"display_name":"Mnemiopsis leidyi","id":"mnemiopsis-leidyi","score":0.5905,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnemiopsis-leidyi"},{"display_name":"marine invasions","id":"marine-invasions","score":0.7723,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-invasions"},{"display_name":"ballast water treatment","id":"ballast-water-treatment","score":0.5782,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water-treatment"},{"display_name":"aquatic invasive species","id":"aquatic-invasive-species","score":0.2986,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquatic-invasive-species"},{"display_name":"invasive seaweed","id":"invasive-seaweed","score":0.5703,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-seaweed"},{"display_name":"Crepidula fornicata","id":"crepidula-fornicata","score":0.5856,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crepidula-fornicata"},{"display_name":"Caulerpa taxifolia","id":"caulerpa-taxifolia","score":0.6067,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caulerpa-taxifolia"},{"display_name":"ctenophores","id":"ctenophores","score":0.2196,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctenophores"},{"display_name":"Lessepsian migration","id":"lessepsian-migration","score":0.5811,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lessepsian-migration"},{"display_name":"lionfish","id":"lionfish","score":0.5238,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lionfish"},{"display_name":"cryptogenic species","id":"cryptogenic-species","score":0.6112,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptogenic-species"},{"display_name":"ship hull fouling","id":"hull-fouling","score":0.2831,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hull-fouling"},{"display_name":"yellow tang","id":"yellow-tang","score":0.5607,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yellow-tang"},{"display_name":"ballast water exchange","id":"ballast-water-exchange","score":0.7771,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water-exchange"},{"display_name":"marine biosecurity","id":"marine-biosecurity","score":0.8531,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-biosecurity"},{"display_name":"Pterois miles","id":"pterois-miles","score":0.4894,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pterois-miles"},{"display_name":"Ballast Water Management Convention","id":"ballast-water-management-convention","score":0.7616,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water-management-convention"},{"display_name":"crested limpet","id":"crested-limpet","score":0.5967,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crested-limpet"},{"display_name":"invasive macroalgae","id":"invasive-macroalgae","score":0.4569,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-macroalgae"},{"display_name":"Caulerpa cylindracea","id":"caulerpa-cylindracea","score":0.6974,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caulerpa-cylindracea"}],"legacy_keywords":["Marine Invasions","Biodiversity","Mediterranean Sea","Invasive Species","Global Shipping","Climate Change","Biological Invasions","Hull Fouling","Ballast Water Management","Ecosystem Functioning"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12213","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:13","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2306","url":"/topics/T12213","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12213","works_count":31021,"label":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","provider":"openalex","revision":"eddc0acd3a974ea7","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36249302796470907","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,23,2306,12213],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}