{"cited_by_count":299051,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the study of avian malaria parasites, including Haemoproteus and Plasmodium, in bird hosts. It covers topics such as host specificity, vector-borne diseases, parasite diversity, molecular phylogeny, pathogenic effects on bird populations, interactions with ectoparasites, and the impacts of climate change on the prevalence and distribution of avian malaria.","display_name":"Bird parasitology and diseases","domain_id":"1","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12178","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_malaria"},"field_id":"24","id":"T12178","keywords":[{"display_name":"avian parasites","id":"avian-parasites","score":0.8131,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-parasites"},{"display_name":"chewing lice","id":"chewing-lice","score":0.4731,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chewing-lice"},{"display_name":"avian malaria","id":"avian-malaria","score":0.8374,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-malaria"},{"display_name":"Phthiraptera","id":"lice","score":0.3101,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lice"},{"display_name":"ectoparasites of birds","id":"ectoparasites-of-birds","score":0.5288,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ectoparasites-of-birds"},{"display_name":"Haemoproteus","id":"haemoproteus","score":0.9575,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haemoproteus"},{"display_name":"blood parasites","id":"blood-parasites","score":0.292,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-parasites"},{"display_name":"Ischnocera","id":"ischnocera","score":0.5251,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischnocera"},{"display_name":"Leucocytozoon","id":"leucocytozoon","score":0.9188,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leucocytozoon"},{"display_name":"poultry parasites","id":"poultry-parasites","score":0.3676,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poultry-parasites"},{"display_name":"haemosporidian parasites","id":"haemosporidian-parasites","score":0.9279,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haemosporidian-parasites"},{"display_name":"Philopteridae","id":"philopteridae","score":0.8523,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philopteridae"},{"display_name":"avian parasitology","id":"avian-parasitology","score":0.7637,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-parasitology"},{"display_name":"Dermanyssus gallinae","id":"dermanyssus-gallinae","score":0.3181,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermanyssus-gallinae"},{"display_name":"feather mites","id":"feather-mites","score":0.3253,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feather-mites"},{"display_name":"avian diseases","id":"avian-diseases","score":0.2569,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-diseases"},{"display_name":"avian helminths","id":"avian-helminths","score":0.8163,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-helminths"},{"display_name":"Menoponidae","id":"menoponidae","score":0.9647,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menoponidae"},{"display_name":"avian blood parasites","id":"avian-blood-parasites","score":0.9583,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-blood-parasites"},{"display_name":"Trichomonas gallinae","id":"trichomonas-gallinae","score":0.7589,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichomonas-gallinae"},{"display_name":"Plasmodium relictum","id":"plasmodium-relictum","score":0.8485,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-relictum"},{"display_name":"Myrsidea","id":"myrsidea","score":0.8731,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myrsidea"},{"display_name":"Histomonas meleagridis","id":"histomonas-meleagridis","score":0.5873,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histomonas-meleagridis"},{"display_name":"Anoplura","id":"anoplura","score":0.3963,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anoplura"},{"display_name":"Capillaria","id":"capillaria","score":0.2451,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillaria"}],"legacy_keywords":["Avian Malaria","Haemosporidian Parasites","Bird Hosts","Vector-borne Diseases","Host Specificity","Parasite Diversity","Molecular Phylogeny","Pathogenic Effects","Ectoparasites","Climate Change Impacts"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T12178","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:13","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2405","url":"/topics/T12178","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12178","works_count":43056,"label":"Bird parasitology and diseases","provider":"openalex","revision":"756691d68a09c541","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Bird parasitology and diseases","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36249302859392133","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[1,24,2405,12178],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}