{"cited_by_count":380281,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the contamination of drinking water by fluoride and various methods for its removal, including adsorption and defluoridation. The papers cover topics such as fluoride toxicity, environmental impact, groundwater contamination, health effects, and the use of different materials and technologies for removing fluoride from water.","display_name":"Fluoride Effects and Removal","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11969","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride_toxicity"},"field_id":"23","id":"T11969","keywords":[{"display_name":"fluoride","id":"fluoride","score":0.2214,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride"},{"display_name":"fluoride toxicity","id":"fluoride-toxicity","score":0.7313,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-toxicity"},{"display_name":"fluoride removal","id":"defluoridation","score":0.6755,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defluoridation"},{"display_name":"dental fluorosis","id":"dental-fluorosis","score":0.5007,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-fluorosis"},{"display_name":"fluorosis","id":"fluorosis","score":0.6387,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorosis"},{"display_name":"water fluoridation","id":"water-fluoridation","score":0.361,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-fluoridation"},{"display_name":"fluoride exposure","id":"fluoride-exposure","score":0.5789,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-exposure"},{"display_name":"drinking water fluoride","id":"fluoride-in-drinking-water","score":0.7285,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-in-drinking-water"},{"display_name":"fluoride contamination","id":"fluoride-contamination","score":0.5792,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-contamination"},{"display_name":"skeletal fluorosis","id":"skeletal-fluorosis","score":0.8854,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-fluorosis"},{"display_name":"endemic fluorosis","id":"endemic-fluorosis","score":0.8684,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endemic-fluorosis"},{"display_name":"fluoride adsorption","id":"fluoride-adsorption","score":0.7093,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-adsorption"},{"display_name":"fluoride intake","id":"fluoride-intake","score":0.694,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-intake"},{"display_name":"fluoride concentration","id":"fluoride-concentration","score":0.3806,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-concentration"},{"display_name":"urinary fluoride","id":"urinary-fluoride","score":0.8482,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-fluoride"},{"display_name":"groundwater fluoride","id":"groundwater-fluoride","score":0.8648,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-fluoride"},{"display_name":"dietary fluoride","id":"dietary-fluoride","score":0.7788,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fluoride"},{"display_name":"fluoride uptake","id":"fluoride-uptake","score":0.2938,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-uptake"},{"display_name":"fluoride accumulation","id":"fluoride-accumulation","score":0.7021,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-accumulation"},{"display_name":"fluoride metabolism","id":"fluoride-metabolism","score":0.8206,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-metabolism"},{"display_name":"chronic fluorosis","id":"chronic-fluorosis","score":0.8801,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-fluorosis"},{"display_name":"fluoridated water","id":"fluoridated-water","score":0.3315,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoridated-water"},{"display_name":"soil fluoride","id":"soil-fluoride","score":0.8744,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fluoride"},{"display_name":"fluoride sources","id":"fluoride-sources","score":0.5935,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-sources"},{"display_name":"fluorosis prevention","id":"fluorosis-prevention","score":0.7936,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorosis-prevention"}],"legacy_keywords":["Fluoride","Drinking Water","Defluoridation","Adsorption","Toxicity","Groundwater","Removal","Health Effects","Sorption","Environmental Impact"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T11969","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:12","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2312","url":"/topics/T11969","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11969","works_count":33638,"label":"Fluoride Effects and Removal","provider":"openalex","revision":"edc6a154a6f4d3e8","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Fluoride Effects and Removal","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36249268562051643","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,23,2312,11969],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}