{"cited_by_count":313262,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the reduction kinetics of iron oxides using hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ironmaking processes, particularly in the context of steel industry sustainability and energy efficiency. It also explores the potential applications of biomass and innovative metallurgical processes.","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11837","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironmaking"},"field_id":"22","id":"T11837","keywords":[{"display_name":"blast furnace","id":"blast-furnace","score":0.6505,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blast-furnace"},{"display_name":"ironmaking","id":"ironmaking","score":0.5811,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ironmaking"},{"display_name":"electric arc furnace","id":"electric-arc-furnace","score":0.2542,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-arc-furnace"},{"display_name":"iron ore reduction","id":"iron-ore-reduction","score":0.8227,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ore-reduction"},{"display_name":"iron and steel industry","id":"iron-and-steel-industry","score":0.2271,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-and-steel-industry"},{"display_name":"blast furnace operation","id":"blast-furnace-operation","score":0.8082,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blast-furnace-operation"},{"display_name":"reduction kinetics","id":"reduction-kinetics","score":0.3043,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction-kinetics"},{"display_name":"basic oxygen furnace","id":"basic-oxygen-furnace","score":0.3648,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-oxygen-furnace"},{"display_name":"direct reduced iron","id":"direct-reduced-iron","score":0.7128,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-reduced-iron"},{"display_name":"iron oxide reduction","id":"iron-oxide-reduction","score":0.4164,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-oxide-reduction"},{"display_name":"blast furnace burden","id":"blast-furnace-burden","score":0.8215,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blast-furnace-burden"},{"display_name":"iron ore sintering","id":"iron-ore-sintering","score":0.7518,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ore-sintering"},{"display_name":"iron ore pellets","id":"iron-ore-pellets","score":0.7917,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ore-pellets"},{"display_name":"iron recovery","id":"iron-recovery","score":0.2176,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-recovery"},{"display_name":"direct reduction","id":"direct-reduction","score":0.594,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-reduction"},{"display_name":"pulverized coal injection","id":"pulverized-coal-injection","score":0.8272,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulverized-coal-injection"},{"display_name":"blast furnace gas","id":"blast-furnace-gas","score":0.4017,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blast-furnace-gas"},{"display_name":"reduction temperature","id":"reduction-temperature","score":0.2797,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction-temperature"},{"display_name":"electric arc furnace steelmaking","id":"electric-arc-furnace-steelmaking","score":0.411,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-arc-furnace-steelmaking"},{"display_name":"sinter","id":"sinter","score":0.6164,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sinter"},{"display_name":"direct reduction of iron ore","id":"direct-reduction-of-iron","score":0.8087,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-reduction-of-iron"},{"display_name":"pig iron","id":"pig-iron","score":0.3245,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pig-iron"},{"display_name":"iron ore beneficiation","id":"iron-ore-beneficiation","score":0.241,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ore-beneficiation"},{"display_name":"iron ore sinter","id":"iron-ore-sinter","score":0.767,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ore-sinter"},{"display_name":"Florida Steel Corporation","id":"florida-steel-corporation","score":0.2607,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/florida-steel-corporation"}],"legacy_keywords":["Reduction Kinetics","Iron Oxides","Hydrogen","Carbon Monoxide","Steel Industry","Blast Furnace","Sustainability","Biomass Applications","Energy Efficiency","Metallurgical Processes"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:12","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2210","url":"/topics/T11837","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11837","works_count":79846,"label":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","provider":"openalex","revision":"ba1203a687197e10","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36249250187348601","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,22,2210,11837],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}