{"cited_by_count":476472,"description":"This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics related to urotrauma, genitourinary development, and associated conditions such as hypospadias, urethral stricture disease, bladder exstrophy, endocrine disruption, and penile fracture. It includes discussions on surgical techniques, epidemiological studies, genetic and environmental factors, long-term outcomes of various treatments, and the molecular mechanisms underlying external genitalia development.","display_name":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","domain_id":"4","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11815","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias_and_epispadias"},"field_id":"27","id":"T11815","keywords":[{"display_name":"urethral stricture","id":"urethral-stricture","score":0.6045,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-stricture"},{"display_name":"urethroplasty","id":"urethroplasty","score":0.7864,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethroplasty"},{"display_name":"pediatric urology","id":"pediatric-urology","score":0.2194,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-urology"},{"display_name":"hypospadias","id":"hypospadias","score":0.6362,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypospadias"},{"display_name":"urethral injury","id":"urethral-injury","score":0.7092,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-injury"},{"display_name":"hypospadias repair","id":"hypospadias-repair","score":0.8595,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypospadias-repair"},{"display_name":"bladder exstrophy","id":"bladder-exstrophy","score":0.7029,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-exstrophy"},{"display_name":"penile curvature","id":"penile-curvature","score":0.4997,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-curvature"},{"display_name":"congenital urinary tract anomalies","id":"congenital-urinary-tract-anomalies","score":0.3154,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-urinary-tract-anomalies"},{"display_name":"Peyronie's disease","id":"peyronie-s-disease","score":0.2671,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peyronie-s-disease"},{"display_name":"stricture recurrence","id":"stricture-recurrence","score":0.5914,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stricture-recurrence"},{"display_name":"penile fracture","id":"penile-fracture","score":0.9211,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-fracture"},{"display_name":"penile reconstruction","id":"penile-reconstruction","score":0.6053,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-reconstruction"},{"display_name":"buccal mucosa graft","id":"buccal-mucosa-graft","score":0.7199,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buccal-mucosa-graft"},{"display_name":"penile trauma","id":"penile-trauma","score":0.7947,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-trauma"},{"display_name":"urologic trauma","id":"urologic-trauma","score":0.6474,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urologic-trauma"},{"display_name":"urethral fistula","id":"urethral-fistula","score":0.7144,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-fistula"},{"display_name":"bladder injury","id":"bladder-injury","score":0.2885,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-injury"},{"display_name":"urethrocutaneous fistula","id":"urethrocutaneous-fistula","score":0.8626,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethrocutaneous-fistula"},{"display_name":"congenital genital anomalies","id":"congenital-genital-anomalies","score":0.4233,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-genital-anomalies"},{"display_name":"urethral dilation","id":"urethral-dilation","score":0.622,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-dilation"},{"display_name":"urethral stricture treatment","id":"urethral-stricture-treatment","score":0.8458,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-stricture-treatment"},{"display_name":"priapism","id":"priapism","score":0.2584,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/priapism"},{"display_name":"distal hypospadias","id":"distal-hypospadias","score":0.9796,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distal-hypospadias"},{"display_name":"anterior urethral stricture","id":"anterior-urethral-stricture","score":0.9317,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-urethral-stricture"}],"legacy_keywords":["Urotrauma","Genitourinary Development","Hypospadias","Urethral Stricture Disease","Buccal Mucosa Grafts","External Genital Development","Bladder Exstrophy","Endocrine Disruption","Penile Fracture","Epidemiology"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T11815","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:12","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2748","url":"/topics/T11815","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11815","works_count":85122,"label":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","provider":"openalex","revision":"bb28a6801f21b02b","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36249525064986026","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[4,27,2748,11815],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}