{"cited_by_count":548778,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the tribological properties, including friction and wear, of various lubricants and additives such as nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and graphene. It also explores the development of biodegradable and renewable resource-based lubricants for environmentally friendly applications.","display_name":"Lubricants and Their Additives","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11557","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribology"},"field_id":"22","id":"T11557","keywords":[{"display_name":"lubricant additives","id":"lubricant-additives","score":0.8221,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubricant-additives"},{"display_name":"friction reduction","id":"friction-reduction","score":0.3586,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-reduction"},{"display_name":"lubricants","id":"lubricants","score":0.4328,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubricants"},{"display_name":"lubricating oil","id":"lubricating-oil","score":0.5002,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubricating-oil"},{"display_name":"engine oil","id":"motor-oil","score":0.5071,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-oil"},{"display_name":"boundary lubrication","id":"boundary-lubrication","score":0.4079,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-lubrication"},{"display_name":"lubricating greases","id":"lubricating-greases","score":0.7117,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubricating-greases"},{"display_name":"biolubricants","id":"biolubricants","score":0.7653,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biolubricants"},{"display_name":"antiwear additives","id":"antiwear-additives","score":0.92,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiwear-additives"},{"display_name":"wear reduction","id":"wear-reduction","score":0.4324,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wear-reduction"},{"display_name":"anti-wear properties","id":"antiwear-properties","score":0.8118,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiwear-properties"},{"display_name":"lubricant degradation","id":"lubricant-degradation","score":0.6837,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubricant-degradation"},{"display_name":"zinc dialkyldithiophosphate","id":"zinc-dialkyldithiophosphate","score":0.8547,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-dialkyldithiophosphate"},{"display_name":"viscosity index","id":"viscosity-index","score":0.6934,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity-index"},{"display_name":"hydraulic fluids","id":"hydraulic-fluids","score":0.4612,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-fluids"},{"display_name":"synthetic lubricants","id":"synthetic-lubricants","score":0.7304,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-lubricants"},{"display_name":"engine lubrication","id":"engine-lubrication","score":0.4236,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-lubrication"},{"display_name":"vegetable oil lubricants","id":"vegetable-oil-lubricants","score":0.8434,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetable-oil-lubricants"},{"display_name":"lubricant formulation","id":"lubricant-formulation","score":0.8232,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubricant-formulation"},{"display_name":"lubricant performance","id":"lubricant-performance","score":0.8782,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubricant-performance"},{"display_name":"tribofilm","id":"tribofilm","score":0.4777,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribofilm"},{"display_name":"solid lubricants","id":"solid-lubricants","score":0.265,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-lubricants"},{"display_name":"oil analysis","id":"oil-analysis","score":0.3053,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-analysis"},{"display_name":"used motor oil","id":"used-engine-oil","score":0.2846,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/used-engine-oil"},{"display_name":"nanolubricants","id":"nanolubricants","score":0.6537,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanolubricants"}],"legacy_keywords":["Lubricants","Tribology","Nanoparticles","Ionic Liquids","Graphene","Additives","Friction","Wear","Biodegradable","Renewable Resources"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T11557","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:11","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2210","url":"/topics/T11557","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11557","works_count":82506,"label":"Lubricants and Their Additives","provider":"openalex","revision":"3202bfde2c75caa7","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Lubricants and Their Additives","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36248734790716025","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,22,2210,11557],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}