{"cited_by_count":693206,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, with a specific emphasis on the effects of chlorination and alternative disinfectants. It also explores the formation, control, and health implications of various DBPs, including nitrosamines, haloacetic acids, and halonitromethanes. The cluster delves into the microbial ecology of drinking water distribution systems and the characterization of natural organic matter in relation to DBP formation.","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11493","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfection_by-product"},"field_id":"23","id":"T11493","keywords":[{"display_name":"disinfection by-products","id":"disinfection-by-products","score":0.6592,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products"},{"display_name":"drinking water treatment","id":"drinking-water-treatment","score":0.2375,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-treatment"},{"display_name":"trihalomethanes","id":"trihalomethanes","score":0.7298,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trihalomethanes"},{"display_name":"chlorination","id":"chlorination","score":0.2191,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorination"},{"display_name":"drinking water disinfection","id":"drinking-water-disinfection","score":0.6812,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-disinfection"},{"display_name":"water disinfection","id":"water-disinfection","score":0.3226,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-disinfection"},{"display_name":"ultraviolet disinfection","id":"uv-disinfection","score":0.2729,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-disinfection"},{"display_name":"chlorine disinfection","id":"chlorine-disinfection","score":0.4577,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-disinfection"},{"display_name":"haloacetic acids","id":"haloacetic-acids","score":0.7276,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haloacetic-acids"},{"display_name":"chlorine dioxide","id":"chlorine-dioxide","score":0.245,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-dioxide"},{"display_name":"drinking water distribution systems","id":"drinking-water-distribution-systems","score":0.223,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-distribution-systems"},{"display_name":"residual chlorine","id":"residual-chlorine","score":0.3382,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-chlorine"},{"display_name":"chlorination by-products","id":"chlorination-by-products","score":0.5776,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorination-by-products"},{"display_name":"free chlorine","id":"free-chlorine","score":0.4224,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-chlorine"},{"display_name":"chloramination","id":"chloramination","score":0.8238,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloramination"},{"display_name":"chloramines","id":"chloramines","score":0.4063,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloramines"},{"display_name":"monochloramine","id":"monochloramine","score":0.5435,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monochloramine"},{"display_name":"wastewater disinfection","id":"wastewater-disinfection","score":0.3557,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-disinfection"},{"display_name":"drinking water regulation","id":"drinking-water-regulation","score":0.2967,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-regulation"},{"display_name":"ozone disinfection","id":"ozone-disinfection","score":0.3349,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone-disinfection"},{"display_name":"haloacetonitriles","id":"haloacetonitriles","score":0.8206,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haloacetonitriles"},{"display_name":"chlorine dosage","id":"chlorine-dosing","score":0.6206,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-dosing"},{"display_name":"drinking water disinfection by-products","id":"drinking-water-disinfection-byproducts","score":0.6247,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-disinfection-byproducts"},{"display_name":"trihalomethane formation potential","id":"trihalomethane-formation-potential","score":0.6248,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trihalomethane-formation-potential"},{"display_name":"swimming pool water","id":"swimming-pool-water","score":0.3124,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swimming-pool-water"}],"legacy_keywords":["Disinfection By-Products","Drinking Water","Genotoxicity","Carcinogenicity","Water Treatment","Chlorination","Nitrosamines","Microbial Ecology","Natural Organic Matter","Health Effects"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:10","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2307","url":"/topics/T11493","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11493","works_count":59099,"label":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","provider":"openalex","revision":"8e2027c1b78f6cb8","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36248718814612095","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,23,2307,11493],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}