{"cited_by_count":423070,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the conservation, ecology, and population dynamics of sharks and rays, including their phylogeny, habitat use, migration patterns, and the impact of fisheries on their populations. It also addresses the importance of marine ecosystems and the challenges in managing and protecting these apex predators.","display_name":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11387","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_conservation"},"field_id":"23","id":"T11387","keywords":[{"display_name":"sharks","id":"sharks","score":0.5856,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharks"},{"display_name":"elasmobranchs","id":"elasmobranchs","score":0.5471,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elasmobranchs"},{"display_name":"rays","id":"rays","score":0.4511,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rays"},{"display_name":"Chondrichthyes","id":"chondrichthyes","score":0.4154,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chondrichthyes"},{"display_name":"shark conservation","id":"shark-conservation","score":0.7378,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shark-conservation"},{"display_name":"Carcharodon carcharias","id":"white-shark","score":0.7653,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-shark"},{"display_name":"stingrays","id":"stingrays","score":0.5211,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stingrays"},{"display_name":"Rhincodon typus","id":"whale-shark","score":0.7125,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whale-shark"},{"display_name":"catsharks","id":"scyliorhinidae","score":0.53,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scyliorhinidae"},{"display_name":"tiger shark","id":"tiger-shark","score":0.7506,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiger-shark"},{"display_name":"Lamniformes","id":"lamniformes","score":0.6315,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamniformes"},{"display_name":"chimaeras","id":"chimaeras","score":0.6586,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimaeras"},{"display_name":"Rajidae","id":"rajidae","score":0.5463,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rajidae"},{"display_name":"shark taxonomy","id":"shark-taxonomy","score":0.7649,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shark-taxonomy"},{"display_name":"skates","id":"skates","score":0.4946,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skates"},{"display_name":"Prionace glauca","id":"blue-shark","score":0.5384,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-shark"},{"display_name":"Lamnidae","id":"lamnidae","score":0.6459,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamnidae"},{"display_name":"Sphyrna lewini","id":"sphyrna-lewini","score":0.8,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sphyrna-lewini"},{"display_name":"Carcharhinidae","id":"carcharhinidae","score":0.7538,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcharhinidae"},{"display_name":"shark fisheries","id":"shark-fisheries","score":0.6856,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shark-fisheries"},{"display_name":"blacktip shark","id":"blacktip-shark","score":0.7082,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blacktip-shark"},{"display_name":"shark behavior","id":"shark-behavior","score":0.8622,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shark-behavior"},{"display_name":"Squalus acanthias","id":"squalus-acanthias","score":0.396,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squalus-acanthias"},{"display_name":"shark distribution","id":"shark-distribution","score":0.8502,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shark-distribution"},{"display_name":"sand tiger sharks","id":"sand-tiger-sharks","score":0.7631,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sand-tiger-sharks"}],"legacy_keywords":["Sharks","Rays","Conservation","Ecology","Fisheries","Phylogeny","Habitat Use","Migration","Population Dynamics","Marine Ecosystems"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T11387","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:10","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2309","url":"/topics/T11387","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11387","works_count":72791,"label":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","provider":"openalex","revision":"d372de6d82906630","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36248716667684543","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,23,2309,11387],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}