{"cited_by_count":523767,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on biohydrometallurgical processes for extracting and recovering metals from ores and waste materials. It covers topics such as bioleaching, microbial communities in metal recovery, oxidation mechanisms of sulfide minerals, acid mine drainage, vanadium extraction, sulfur metabolism, and the application of microbial ecology in metallurgical processes.","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11073","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biohydrometallurgy"},"field_id":"22","id":"T11073","keywords":[{"display_name":"bioleaching","id":"bioleaching","score":0.7417,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioleaching"},{"display_name":"Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans","id":"acidithiobacillus-ferrooxidans","score":0.7588,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidithiobacillus-ferrooxidans"},{"display_name":"copper recovery","id":"copper-recovery","score":0.2379,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-recovery"},{"display_name":"gold recovery","id":"gold-recovery","score":0.297,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-recovery"},{"display_name":"iron-oxidizing bacteria","id":"iron-oxidizing-bacteria","score":0.5105,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-oxidizing-bacteria"},{"display_name":"leaching kinetics","id":"leaching-kinetics","score":0.3254,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaching-kinetics"},{"display_name":"acidophilic bacteria","id":"acidophilic-bacteria","score":0.4437,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidophilic-bacteria"},{"display_name":"vanadium recovery","id":"vanadium-recovery","score":0.4838,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanadium-recovery"},{"display_name":"cyanide leaching","id":"cyanide-leaching","score":0.5473,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyanide-leaching"},{"display_name":"sulfuric acid leaching","id":"sulfuric-acid-leaching","score":0.2375,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfuric-acid-leaching"},{"display_name":"gold leaching","id":"gold-leaching","score":0.5364,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-leaching"},{"display_name":"gold extraction","id":"gold-extraction","score":0.3807,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-extraction"},{"display_name":"Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans","id":"acidithiobacillus-thiooxidans","score":0.6889,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidithiobacillus-thiooxidans"},{"display_name":"sulfur-oxidizing bacteria","id":"sulfur-oxidizing-bacteria","score":0.2115,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-oxidizing-bacteria"},{"display_name":"biological oxidation","id":"biooxidation","score":0.379,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biooxidation"},{"display_name":"pyrite oxidation","id":"pyrite-oxidation","score":0.2066,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrite-oxidation"},{"display_name":"biohydrometallurgy","id":"biohydrometallurgy","score":0.7865,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biohydrometallurgy"},{"display_name":"heap leaching","id":"heap-leaching","score":0.4634,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heap-leaching"},{"display_name":"sulfur oxidation","id":"sulfur-oxidation","score":0.2118,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-oxidation"},{"display_name":"refractory gold ores","id":"refractory-gold-ores","score":0.7283,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-gold-ores"},{"display_name":"copper leaching","id":"copper-leaching","score":0.255,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-leaching"},{"display_name":"pulp density","id":"pulp-density","score":0.4071,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulp-density"},{"display_name":"ferrous iron oxidation","id":"ferrous-iron-oxidation","score":0.4358,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferrous-iron-oxidation"},{"display_name":"low-grade ore","id":"low-grade-ore","score":0.2938,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-grade-ore"},{"display_name":"Acidithiobacillus","id":"acidithiobacillus","score":0.6438,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidithiobacillus"}],"legacy_keywords":["Bioleaching","Microbial Communities","Metal Recovery","Sulfide Minerals","Acid Mine Drainage","Metallurgy","Microbial Ecology","Oxidation Mechanism","Vanadium Extraction","Sulfur Metabolism"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:09","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2204","url":"/topics/T11073","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11073","works_count":41098,"label":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","provider":"openalex","revision":"680dec49e1c89dfe","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36240488575419961","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,22,2204,11073],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}