{"cited_by_count":1709774,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the impacts of climate change on glaciers, ice sheets, and water availability in regions such as the Himalayas and Antarctica. It explores topics such as glacier mass balance, sea level rise, snow cover monitoring, and hydrological responses to glacier melt.","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T10644","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850"},"field_id":"19","id":"T10644","keywords":[{"display_name":"glaciers","id":"glaciers","score":0.8153,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaciers"},{"display_name":"Alaska","id":"alaska","score":0.3274,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alaska"},{"display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","id":"greenland-ice-sheet","score":0.5885,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenland-ice-sheet"},{"display_name":"glacier retreat","id":"glacier-retreat","score":0.5801,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-retreat"},{"display_name":"glacier mass balance","id":"glacier-mass-balance","score":0.9068,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-mass-balance"},{"display_name":"Swiss Alps","id":"swiss-alps","score":0.2412,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swiss-alps"},{"display_name":"snow cover","id":"snow-cover","score":0.3094,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-cover"},{"display_name":"snow depth","id":"snow-depth","score":0.3939,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-depth"},{"display_name":"alpine glaciers","id":"mountain-glaciers","score":0.7448,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mountain-glaciers"},{"display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","id":"antarctic-ice-sheet","score":0.5876,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antarctic-ice-sheet"},{"display_name":"automatic weather station","id":"automatic-weather-station","score":0.3253,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-weather-station"},{"display_name":"snowpack","id":"snowpack","score":0.4735,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack"},{"display_name":"snowmelt","id":"snowmelt","score":0.2802,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowmelt"},{"display_name":"snow water equivalent","id":"snow-water-equivalent","score":0.5993,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-water-equivalent"},{"display_name":"ice flow","id":"ice-flow","score":0.7699,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-flow"},{"display_name":"glacier monitoring","id":"glacier-monitoring","score":0.8762,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-monitoring"},{"display_name":"Allalin Glacier","id":"allalin-glacier","score":0.972,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allalin-glacier"},{"display_name":"tidewater glaciers","id":"marine-terminating-glaciers","score":0.8189,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-terminating-glaciers"},{"display_name":"snow albedo","id":"snow-albedo","score":0.2663,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-albedo"},{"display_name":"ice velocity","id":"ice-velocity","score":0.8391,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-velocity"},{"display_name":"Hohlaub Glacier","id":"hohlaub-glacier","score":0.9876,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hohlaub-glacier"},{"display_name":"Columbia Glacier","id":"columbia-glacier","score":0.9888,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/columbia-glacier"},{"display_name":"glaciology","id":"glaciology","score":0.5975,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaciology"},{"display_name":"ice thickness","id":"ice-thickness","score":0.4218,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-thickness"},{"display_name":"ice sheets","id":"ice-sheet","score":0.3664,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-sheet"}],"legacy_keywords":["Glacier","Climate Change","Water Availability","Ice Sheet","Sea Level Rise","Himalayas","Antarctica","Snow Cover","Hydrology","Remote Sensing"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:07","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1902","url":"/topics/T10644","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T10644","works_count":229073,"label":"Cryospheric studies and observations","provider":"openalex","revision":"09dd7d04b194eb0d","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Cryospheric studies and observations","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36174261190806643","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,19,1902,10644],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}