{"cited_by_count":1115881,"description":"This cluster of papers explores the intersection of politics and economics in the context of welfare states, focusing on topics such as institutional change, globalization, income inequality, public opinion on redistribution, and the role of ideas in shaping social policies.","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","domain_id":"2","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T10443","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_state"},"field_id":"33","id":"T10443","keywords":[{"display_name":"social policy","id":"social-policy","score":0.2417,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-policy"},{"display_name":"welfare state","id":"welfare-state","score":0.3903,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state"},{"display_name":"social insurance","id":"social-insurance","score":0.2384,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-insurance"},{"display_name":"welfare policy","id":"welfare-policy","score":0.2615,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-policy"},{"display_name":"welfare reform","id":"welfare-reform","score":0.2842,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-reform"},{"display_name":"welfare state reform","id":"welfare-state-reform","score":0.6508,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-reform"},{"display_name":"social security reform","id":"social-security-reform","score":0.2889,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security-reform"},{"display_name":"social policy history","id":"history-of-social-policy","score":0.4949,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-social-policy"},{"display_name":"social security policy","id":"social-security-policy","score":0.3898,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security-policy"},{"display_name":"pension policy","id":"pension-policy","score":0.2087,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-policy"},{"display_name":"social spending","id":"social-spending","score":0.2424,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-spending"},{"display_name":"basic income","id":"basic-income","score":0.4291,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-income"},{"display_name":"universal basic income","id":"universal-basic-income","score":0.4479,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-basic-income"},{"display_name":"welfare regimes","id":"welfare-regimes","score":0.4193,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-regimes"},{"display_name":"social policy reform","id":"social-policy-reform","score":0.4883,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-policy-reform"},{"display_name":"EU social policy","id":"eu-social-policy","score":0.2423,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-social-policy"},{"display_name":"welfare state retrenchment","id":"welfare-state-retrenchment","score":0.5443,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-retrenchment"},{"display_name":"welfare state transformation","id":"welfare-state-change","score":0.6186,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-change"},{"display_name":"welfare state typology","id":"welfare-state-typology","score":0.6454,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-typology"},{"display_name":"workfare","id":"welfare-to-work","score":0.2283,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-to-work"},{"display_name":"European welfare states","id":"european-welfare-states","score":0.6608,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-welfare-states"},{"display_name":"welfare state crisis","id":"welfare-state-crisis","score":0.4396,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-crisis"},{"display_name":"comparative social policy","id":"comparative-social-policy","score":0.5919,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-social-policy"},{"display_name":"Swedish model","id":"swedish-model","score":0.565,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swedish-model"},{"display_name":"welfare state history","id":"history-of-the-welfare-state","score":0.7267,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-the-welfare-state"}],"legacy_keywords":["Welfare State","Political Economy","Social Policy","Institutional Change","Globalization","Income Inequality","Ideational Power","Public Opinion","Redistribution","Path Dependence"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:06","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"3320","url":"/topics/T10443","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T10443","works_count":190290,"label":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","provider":"openalex","revision":"02958b5001b795cc","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36244304727163034","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[2,33,3320,10443],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; 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