{"cited_by_count":2488319,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on research related to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. It covers topics such as the role of oxidative stress, vascular endothelial growth factor, complement factor H polymorphism, and choroidal thickness in the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases. Additionally, it explores the use of intravitreal injections and optical coherence tomography angiography in understanding and managing AMD and diabetic retinopathy.","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","domain_id":"4","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T10170","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age-related_macular_degeneration"},"field_id":"27","id":"T10170","keywords":[{"display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","id":"diabetic-retinopathy","score":0.4467,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy"},{"display_name":"age-related macular degeneration","id":"age-related-macular-degeneration","score":0.5684,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-macular-degeneration"},{"display_name":"anti-VEGF therapy","id":"anti-vegf-therapy","score":0.5896,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-vegf-therapy"},{"display_name":"retinal pigment epithelium","id":"retinal-pigment-epithelium","score":0.3643,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-pigment-epithelium"},{"display_name":"diabetic macular edema","id":"diabetic-macular-edema","score":0.7735,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-macular-edema"},{"display_name":"neovascular age-related macular degeneration","id":"neovascular-age-related-macular-degeneration","score":0.8265,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neovascular-age-related-macular-degeneration"},{"display_name":"choroidal neovascularization","id":"choroidal-neovascularization","score":0.7087,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choroidal-neovascularization"},{"display_name":"intravitreal injection","id":"intravitreal-injection","score":0.5674,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravitreal-injection"},{"display_name":"proliferative diabetic retinopathy","id":"proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy","score":0.6269,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy"},{"display_name":"ranibizumab","id":"ranibizumab","score":0.7975,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranibizumab"},{"display_name":"macular edema","id":"macular-edema","score":0.5892,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-edema"},{"display_name":"best-corrected visual acuity","id":"best-corrected-visual-acuity","score":0.3243,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-corrected-visual-acuity"},{"display_name":"retinal vein occlusion","id":"retinal-vein-occlusion","score":0.6137,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-vein-occlusion"},{"display_name":"aflibercept","id":"aflibercept","score":0.7083,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aflibercept"},{"display_name":"fluorescein angiography","id":"fluorescein-angiography","score":0.4378,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescein-angiography"},{"display_name":"optical coherence tomography angiography","id":"optical-coherence-tomography-angiography","score":0.3825,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography-angiography"},{"display_name":"retinal disease","id":"retinal-disease","score":0.328,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-disease"},{"display_name":"non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy","id":"nonproliferative-diabetic-retinopathy","score":0.7372,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonproliferative-diabetic-retinopathy"},{"display_name":"central serous chorioretinopathy","id":"central-serous-chorioretinopathy","score":0.7644,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-serous-chorioretinopathy"},{"display_name":"laser photocoagulation","id":"laser-photocoagulation","score":0.3902,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-photocoagulation"},{"display_name":"retinal neovascularization","id":"retinal-neovascularization","score":0.4965,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-neovascularization"},{"display_name":"retinal microvasculature","id":"retinal-microvasculature","score":0.3816,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-microvasculature"},{"display_name":"central retinal vein occlusion","id":"central-retinal-vein-occlusion","score":0.6159,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-retinal-vein-occlusion"},{"display_name":"branch retinal vein occlusion","id":"branch-retinal-vein-occlusion","score":0.7798,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branch-retinal-vein-occlusion"},{"display_name":"choroid","id":"choroid","score":0.3334,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choroid"}],"legacy_keywords":["Macular Degeneration","Retinal Pigment Epithelium","Diabetic Retinopathy","Oxidative Stress","Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor","Choroidal Thickness","Intravitreal Injection","Complement Factor H Polymorphism","Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","Inflammation"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:05","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"2731","url":"/topics/T10170","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T10170","works_count":177033,"label":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","provider":"openalex","revision":"a9ae30ad479da87c","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36108824084144614","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[4,27,2731,10170],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}