{"cited_by_count":3635582,"description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the use of trace metals, isotopes, and biogeochemical indicators to reconstruct paleoredox conditions and paleoproductivity in ancient oceans. It explores topics such as oceanic anoxic events, atmospheric oxygenation, biogeochemical cycling, and their implications for Phanerozoic climate and mass extinctions.","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","domain_id":"3","external_ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T10109","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoredox"},"field_id":"19","id":"T10109","keywords":[{"display_name":"brachiopods","id":"brachiopods","score":0.5719,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brachiopods"},{"display_name":"extinct genus","id":"extinct-genera","score":0.7736,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinct-genera"},{"display_name":"biostratigraphy","id":"biostratigraphy","score":0.7239,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biostratigraphy"},{"display_name":"fossil gastropods","id":"fossil-gastropods","score":0.7166,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-gastropods"},{"display_name":"extinct species","id":"extinct-species","score":0.7298,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinct-species"},{"display_name":"foraminifera","id":"foraminifera","score":0.3955,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraminifera"},{"display_name":"fossil specimen","id":"fossil-specimen","score":0.6048,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-specimen"},{"display_name":"fossil taxon","id":"fossil-taxa","score":0.768,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-taxa"},{"display_name":"Ordovician","id":"ordovician","score":0.7416,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordovician"},{"display_name":"Paleozoic","id":"paleozoic","score":0.6757,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleozoic"},{"display_name":"ammonites","id":"ammonites","score":0.6165,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonites"},{"display_name":"paleoecology","id":"paleoecology","score":0.2514,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoecology"},{"display_name":"Paleozoic mollusks","id":"paleozoic-mollusks","score":0.7979,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleozoic-mollusks"},{"display_name":"paleontology","id":"paleontology","score":0.3463,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology"},{"display_name":"trilobites","id":"trilobites","score":0.7475,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilobites"},{"display_name":"paleoceanography","id":"paleoceanography","score":0.2804,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoceanography"},{"display_name":"planktonic foraminifera","id":"planktonic-foraminifera","score":0.4523,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planktonic-foraminifera"},{"display_name":"paleoenvironment","id":"paleoenvironment","score":0.2451,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoenvironment"},{"display_name":"fossil cephalopods","id":"fossil-cephalopods","score":0.7276,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-cephalopods"},{"display_name":"stratigraphic correlation","id":"stratigraphic-correlation","score":0.3686,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratigraphic-correlation"},{"display_name":"Cretaceous","id":"cretaceous","score":0.3242,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cretaceous"},{"display_name":"benthic foraminifera","id":"benthic-foraminifera","score":0.3413,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-foraminifera"},{"display_name":"graptolites","id":"graptolites","score":0.8849,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graptolites"},{"display_name":"trace fossils","id":"trace-fossils","score":0.551,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-fossils"},{"display_name":"Miocene","id":"miocene","score":0.2395,"url":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miocene"}],"legacy_keywords":["Paleoredox","Paleoproductivity","Trace Metals","Oceanic Anoxic Events","Atmospheric Oxygenation","Biogeochemical Cycling","Isotope Geochemistry","Marine Sediments","Phanerozoic Climate","Mass Extinctions"],"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","source_created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:05","source_updated_date":"2026-10-17T03:02:00","subfield_id":"1911","url":"/topics/T10109","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T10109","works_count":542061,"label":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","provider":"openalex","revision":"c62703c1034880fb","taxonomy_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","title":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","kind":"topic-directory","aeo_cohort":"topic-directory","catalogue_revision":"f050b5d4780b1289","numeric_address":"36042867546688639","address_version":"morton4x16-v1","coordinates":[3,19,1911,10109],"answer_status":"Directory metadata; local answer requires separate source review","truth_status":"Subject descriptor, not a factual answer or a demonstrated knowledge gap","reviewed_answer":null}